مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1403)

The present study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in the context of infertile women’s emotional expression and sexual function. The study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group design, with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included infertile women who submitted referrals to the infertility clinics at Mother and Child Hospital and Samar infertility clinic in Shiraz during the winter of 2021. The experimental and control groups were randomly assigned to 36 infertile women who were selected through the voluntary sampling procedure. Over the course of two and a half months, the experimental group was subjected to ten sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy. In this study, the Emotional Expression Questionnaire (EEQ) (King, Emmons, 1990) and the Sexual Function Questionnaire (Keraskian, Mojembari, and Kaiballah, 2014) were implemented. The SPSS23 software was used to analyze the collected data using mixed ANOVA. The findings indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy has a substantial impact on the emotional expression and sexual function of infertile women (p<0.001). Through the development of psychological resilience and mental acceptance, acceptance and commitment therapy can be employed as an effective approach to enhance the emotional expression and sexual function of infertile women, as indicated by the study’s results.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group therapies that were based on acceptance and commitment, as well as schema on coping-avoidance style, in individuals who were obese or overweight and were experiencing emotional eating. The present study was a quasi-experimental design that included a control group and a pretest-posttest. The research population included all men and women between the ages of 21 and 50 who visited nutrition and obesity clinics in Tehran during the summer and autumn of 2019. A sample of 60 individuals was randomly assigned to three groups of 20 individuals (acceptance and commitment therapy, schema treatment, and control) using the cluster sampling method and based on entry and exit criteria. The subjects completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the General and Exclusive Avoidance Questionnaire (GASQ) in three stages: pre-test, on-test, and post-test. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software, which included covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test. The results indicated that group therapies based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy were effective in reducing the avoidance of coping styles in obese and overweight individuals with emotional excess. The experimental groups exhibited a lower level of avoidance compared to the control group. The results suggest that overweight and obese individuals can decrease their reliance on coping style avoidance through group therapy that is based on acceptance, commitment, and schema therapy.

The objective of this research was to investigate the information search behavior of Iranians on the Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the relationship between the peak of the disease and the searches performed on the Internet. The purpose of this research was fundamental, and the research method was descriptive. The statistical population is the searches performed by Iranians from February 2020 to April 2022, and the investigated sample was the searched concepts related to anxiety and mental health. The first part of the data consisted of the queries that were extracted from the Google Trends website in December 2022. The second part, which consisted of the daily statistics of death and new infections, was obtained from the Johns Hopkins University website. Python version 3.12 was employed to conduct data analysis, which included the Granger causality test and Pearson correlation. The results indicate that the search for anxiety-related concepts has increased at the beginning of the epidemic. The quantity of searches for anxiety concepts at the beginning of the epidemic is positively and significantly correlated with the number of deaths caused by the disease. Consequently, the quantity of anxiety searches should increase over a period of a few days as the number of deaths increases. These searches diminished as the number of deaths decreased; however, the trend of anxiety searches ceased to be correlated with the number of deaths after a few months. The search for psychological treatment was modest at the onset of the epidemic; however, it increased after nine months, and the number of deaths also increased, prompting an increase in these searches. The results show that internet inquiries can be a useful tool for monitoring community concerns.

The objective of the current study was to examine the efficacy of life therapy in reducing the perceived stress and increase psychological capital among female caregivers of the elderly in Ardestan. The research method was quasi-experimental, utilizing a control group, pretest, and posttest. The statistical population of the current research consisted of female caregivers of the elderly in the town of Ardestan during the first six months of 2020 who were responsible for an elderly member of their family. A total of 30 female caregivers of the elderly were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, each consisting of 15 women, using the available sampling method. Over the course of two months, the experimental group was subjected to eight sessions of quality of life therapy, each lasting seventy-five minutes. The pretest was administered prior to the intervention, and the posttest was administered subsequent to it. In this study, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck, Mermelstein, 1983) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) (Luthans, Avoliveand, 2007) were implemented. The data from the study were analyzed through Covariance via SPSS23 software. The results showed quality of life therapy has significant effect on the perceived stress (F=41.31; Eta=0.50; P<0001) and psychological capital (F=46.91; Eta=0.55; P<0001) in female caregivers of the elderly. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that quality of life therapy can be employed as an effective therapy to reduce perceived stress and enhance psychological capital in female caregivers of the elderly. This can be achieved by training family members’ communication, members’ support and acceptance, and the replacement of irrational thoughts with rational thoughts.

The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the cyberbullying perpetration questionnaire were assessed in this study, which included reliability, validity, confirmatory factorial analysis, and gender differences in youth. This is a correlational research design that adheres to the common principles and techniques of psychometrics. It is an applied survey study that was conducted in 2022 and is based on a test construction methodology. 474 participants were selected from the statistical population, which consisted of young individuals aged 18 to 35 residing in Tehran and Shiraz, using convenience sampling. The cyberbullying Perpetration Questionnaire (CPQ) was translated in four stages. Using Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factorial analysis, and independent-samples t-tests at a significance level of 0.05, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS software version 26. A one-factor model with fit indexes that were favorable (X2/df= 2.613, GFI= 0.953, IFI= 0.950, CFI= 0.949, PCLOSE= 0.109, RMSEA= 0.058) was supported by the confirmatory factorial analysis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the cyberbullying Perpetration Questionnaire was 0.85, and test-retest reliability was 0.67. The perpetration of cyberbullying was significantly different between males and females (t=3.91, p<0.001). The cyberbullying Perpetration Questionnaire exhibited favorable psychometric properties for the purpose of assessing the perpetration of cyberbullying in young individuals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy matrix training on the communication patterns of married women with an avoidance and anxiety attachment personality style. The investigation included all female students at the University of Bojnourd from 2019 to 2020. The study included 40 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and two control groups. The subjects completed Christensen and Sullaway'’s Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) both before and after the intervention. Multivariate analysis of variance was implemented to analyze the data. The results suggested that the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix had an impact on communication patterns by increasing constructive communication patterns (P<0.001) and decreasing avoidance and demand-withdraw trends (P<0.001). However, communication patterns were not significantly influenced by attachment style, either alone or in interaction with the intervention (P>0.05). According to the research findings, the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix can be implemented to enhance the communication patterns of married women.

The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy in addressing the psychological and marital issues of women who have a veteran spouse. The research was conducted using an exploratory mixed-methodsapproach and encompassed both qualitative and quantitative phases. In 2020, the statistical population of the survey encompassed all women with veteran spouses residing in the 13th and 14th districts of Tehran. In the qualitative stage, purposive sampling was employed to select and interview 19 women with veteran spouses who were referred to the District 13 Municipal Health Center. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The identification of seven themes (anxiety, depression, fatigue and disability, irritability and aggression, loneliness, life dissatisfaction, and marital conflict) was the result of this analysis in the psychological-marital dimensions. Based on these components, a questionnaire was developed to assess the psychological and marital issues of women who have a veteran spouse. The data analysis in the experimental section was performed using the Bonferroni post hoc test and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 22. The findings indicated that women who have spouses who are veterans encounter challenges in the areas of psychological, marital, physical, social, and economic well-being.Desirable psychometric properties were observed in the psychological-marital issues of women who completed a veteran spouse questionnaire. Also, compassion-focused therapy was effective in all psychological-marital aspects of the issues faced by women with a veteran spouse, resulting in a decrease in problematic behaviors. In the future, clinicians and researchers can investigate and mitigate the psychological-marital issues of women with a veteran spouse during counseling and psychotherapy sessions by implementing the combined study method, developing tools, and choosing the most suitable treatment.

The objective of the current investigation is to utilize a descriptive phenomenological qualitative research methodology to identify the components of the electronic platform at the University of Tehranthat are involved in the teaching and learning process. The statistical population of the current research consisted of all students and professors at the University of Tehran during the academic year 2021-2022. Purposive sampling was employed to select 18 students and 25 lecturers, who subsequently participated in a semi-structured interview. In three phases, the questions were developed and revised in accordance with the theoretical framework of the research. Also, the seven-step Colaizzi method was implemented to analyze the data. The participants’ components can be classified into three fields: institutional, technological, and pedagogical. The most significant field is pedagogy, which is the science and practice of teaching and learning. In general, the research indicated that the teaching-learning process can be facilitated by the experiences and skills of students and lecturers in teaching and learning, as well as excellent content and intuitional and technical support. Dissatisfaction can result from the delay and inaccuracy of the teaching-learning process, which can be caused by a lack of knowledge. Therefore, in order to enhance the teaching-learning process on the electronic platform at the University of Tehran, it is necessary to be cognizant of people, appropriate content, and tools for proper technical and institutional background.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional inhibition in the relationship between emotion awareness levels and life events associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome. The study’s statistical population consisted of all individuals who visited counseling centers in Khorramabad, Doroud, and Boroujerd between 2019 and 2020. A convenience sampling method was employed to select 400 individuals, of whom 283 were women and 117 were men. The research method was descriptive-correlational. Kellner’s Emotional Inhibition Scale (EIS), the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale by Lane and Schwartz (LEAS), the Life Events Checklist by Weathers et al. (LEC-5), and the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PCL-5), Fifth Edition by Weathers et al. are all research instruments. The data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling method, and the fit of the measurement model was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, AMOS 24.0 software, and maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. The indirect path coefficient between life events and post-traumatic stress disorder was positive in the current study, while the indirect path coefficient between emotion awareness levels and post-traumatic stress disorder was negative and significant at the 0.01 level. Based on the results of the present study, psychotherapists and specialists in this field are advised to concentrate on the level of awareness and emotional inhibition of individuals by analyzing their life events in order to mitigate post-traumatic stress syndrome.

The aim of this study is to employ quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to map the brain of cognitive empathy in neuroleadership. The research method is predicated on the interpretation of two distinct phases of the brain map of participants from the community of managers who have a minimum of 5-10 years of experience leading groups and a maximum of 20-30 years of experience. In order to evaluate the capabilities of neuroleadership, the samples were analyzed and interpreted using the 2018 version of the NeuroGuide software. The disparities between the two phases in the participants were also analyzed. In the initial phase, only the waves were recorded. The second phase, which involved cognitive exercises and a four-month interval, was dedicated to the investigation of the empathy component, particularly in the brain cortex. This phase was conducted using the scarf model, clinical interview, two-stage interpretation at the University of Tehran counseling center, and cognitive verification. In 2022-2023, it was conducted on 12 participants as a statistical sample. Positive empathy predicted an increase in the activation of the left dorsal (frontal pole) (P<0.05). The activity of participants has been observed to alter in order to perform a pleasurable task, consistent with their positive emotions and empathy (both positive and negative). With transform (FFT) signal processing and analysis have been used to calculate Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) as well as its inverse fully known as Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). According to the interpretation of brain maps, the results of this study indicate a direct correlation between leadership, functions, and semantic processing in empathy.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of William Moulton Marston’s DISC model intervention. Regarding the educational adaptation of adolescents who are Covid-19 patients. The statistical population consisted of adolescents aged 13 to 18 who resided in Naghadeh and had a family member with Covid-19 in 2021. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design, with control groups, pre-test, and post-test. The statistical sample size consisted of 40 individuals from the statistical population, 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. These individuals were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups using the available sampling procedure. The control group did not receive any treatment, while the experimental group underwent ten 90-minute sessions in accordance with William Moulton Marston’s DISC model. Data was collected using the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) in this study. The MANCOVA analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. After the DISC intervention, the experimental group’s mean level of educational adjustment decreased markedly in comparison to the control group (P<0.01). According to the results of this study, the DISC model intervention improves the educational adjustment of adolescents who are Covid-19 patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parental bonding and the impaired autonomy and performance domain of early maladaptive schemas, which are mediated by emotion regulation. The research method was fundamental in its purpose and utilized descriptive-correlation for data collection. The study's statistical population consisted of 316 students from Allameh Tabataba'i University and Shahid Beheshti University, aged 18 to 35, in Tehran during the academic year 2020-2021. The students were selected using the available sampling method. The research instruments employed were the Parker Parental Bonding Questionnaire (PBI), Young Schemas (YSQ-SF), and Emotion Regulation (ERQ). The data analysis was conducted using the structural equation method and SPSS and LISREL software. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between parental bonding and the impaired autonomy and performance domain of early maladaptive schemas. Expressive suppression, an inappropriate emotion regulation strategy, serves as a mediating factor in this relationship (Ps <0.05). In this relationship, cognitive reappraisal, which is an appropriate strategy for emotion regulation, did not serve as a mediator. The use of early maladaptive schemas in the autonomy and performance domain in adulthood is correlated with the feeble bond between mother and child, both directly and through the mediation of expressive suppression. This study’s findings underscore the significance of positive parenting in the prevention of the development of early maladaptive schemas and the implementation of appropriate emotion regulation strategies.

The objective of this study was toexamine gender and the construction of feminine identity in contemporary love songs of Iran. The overall objective of this study was to examine the representation of femininity in Iranian songs, as songs are regarded as a significant artifact of media that has a significant cultural impact by attracting a large audience. In order to examine the paradigm of male-female roles that is embedded in the lyrics of the tracks, a qualitative approach was implemented, and the study is classified as a thematic analysis.A statistical society was established by selecting 50 songs from the tracks of more renowned singers as the statistical sample, from a vast array of tracks in the market that are all sung by male singers in accordance with governmental regulations within the five-year period of 2017 to 2022. Coding was employed to conduct thematic content analysis, which concentrated on the themes of linguistic descriptions of feminine roles. The coding processwas conducted by three programmers. The Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient was utilized to evaluate the reliability of coders, and the coding demonstrated sufficient reliability. The analysis of the sample of love songs in terms of feminine identity revealed that gender is constructed with three primary roles: 1. Passive and under control, 2. Sexual object and seductive, and 3. Unfaithful and negligent. The findings suggested that the feminine gender construction was devoid of any indication of conscious action, power, or autonomous choice on the part of the female gender. This suggests that femininity is depicted in accordance with the hegemony of a patriotic discourse.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of emotion-focused therapy on executive functions in individuals who have experienced sexual trauma. The target population was all sexually assaulted individuals who visited the Iran Trauma Institute in Mashhad in 2021. The research method was practical in nature, and the data collection was quantitative and experimental. Three of the ten individuals selected as samples were women, as determined by the entry criteria. Childhood trauma questionnaires (CTQ), Emotional visual working memory capacity (EVWMC) were implemented in this investigation. Visual analysis of the graphs depicting the changes in the research variables and the effect size of each variable on the clients, as well as the percentage of improvement and the percentage of reduction in their score changes, were employed to conduct the data analysis using the appropriate formulas in the SPSS-26 software. The effect sizes of emotion-focused therapy of trauma (EFTT) on the working memory capacity of individuals with sexual trauma were relatively high in all three participants during both the intervention and follow-up periods. The results indicated that EFTT enhanced the executive function of working memory capacity in sexually traumatized individuals from a clinical perspective, thereby preventing sexual revictimization.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of an educational program that was based on the theory of planned behavior on the stress, sensation of being trapped, and lack of pleasure experienced by mothers with mental disabilities. The present research design was quasi-experimental, with a control group that underwent pre-test-post-test. The statistical population of the study comprised all mothers with children who had mental disabilities in Isfahan. In 2021, 30 individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method and subsequently assigned to two experimental and control groups, with 15 individuals in each group. The experimental group was subjected to a training program that was based on the theory of planned behavior. This program consisted of 11 90-minute sessions that were conducted twice a week. In contrast, the control group did not receive any training. The Abidin Parenting Stress Inex (PSI), the Gilbert and Allan Feelings of Involvement Scale (EFS), and the Snaith and Hamilton Lack of Pleasure Scale (LPS) were the research instruments utilized. SPSS-26 was employed to analyze the data through covariance analysis. The multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that an educational program based on the theory of planned behavior is effective in reducing parental stress, the feeling of trapped, and the absence of pleasure, as well as their related dimensions. (P <0.05). The psychological state of mothers with mentally disabled children has been positively and effectively impacted by the educational program that is based on the theory of planned behavior. Therefore, this program can be implemented by this particular cohort of mothers in order to enhance their psychological well-being.

The aim of the current research was to study the adaptability and invariance of the Partner Phubbing Scale in Iranian society, as well as its factor structure. The current research method was implemented in terms of the purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data acquisition, as well as correlational analysis process. The statistical population of this research consisted of all married teachers in Zanjan province in 2022. The total number of participants was 841. Of these, 481 were female, 238 were male, and 122 had not designated their gender. The Partner Phubbing scale was the primary instrument utilized in this investigation.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics indicators, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the dataset. The Lavaan package, EGAnet package, and SPSS26 software were employed to conduct the data analysis in R software. The findings showed that the Partner Phubbing Scale had a single-factor structure. With the exception of item 7, all items demonstrated a satisfactory fit with the graded response model. The fit indices were satisfactory and appropriate. The outputs indicated that this scale had proper reliability. Although the tool’s discriminant validity was minimal; however, it was preserved at the construct level. This measure was verified to be gender-invariant. All items, with the exception of item 7, exhibited significant factor loading. Additionally, this scale exhibited appropriate divergent and convergent validity. The Partner Phubbing Scale exhibited optimized psychometric properties for future research research applications, as indicated by the results. Yet, future research should evaluate the discriminant validity of this tool and the psychometric indices of item 7 in various samples with different demographic and cultural characteristics.

The aim of the current investigation was to identify the lived experiences of mothers during the empty nest period. Qualitative descriptive phenomenology was implemented in the current investigation. The entire population of research statistics in 2021 comprised all mothers in Tehran whose offspring were all married. The preference sampling method was employed to select 8 individuals from the aforementioned population for the study sample. Interviews were conducted in a semi-structured format, which were subsequently verbatim implemented and analyzed using the Smith and Osborn method. Six primary themes were identified in this investigation:1) The mother's perception of the child; 2) The child choice of spouse; 3) The child's departure from the paternal household; 4) Parenting after the child’s marriage; 5) Communication with the spouse during the empty nest period; and 6) The necessities of old age and aging were identified in the experiences of mothers. Subthemes were present in each of the primary themes. The experience’s substance was also attained through the performance of multifaceted roles that prioritized the preservation of family unity. The research results indicate that children and their affairs are the most sensitive issue for parents, particularly mothers, and that all stages of their lives, including the empty nest stage, are regulated accordingly. The results of the present study can be utilized by families and therapists to fortify the parent-child relationship and the relationship between spouses during the empty nest period.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of psychological capital training in enhancing the sense of empathy and purpose in life among students who exhibit signs of violence. The present study was semi-experimental in nature, consisting of experimental and control groups. It was designed with a three-stage (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included undergraduate and postgraduate students in the psychology major at Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan) who exhibited any indicators of violence during the academic year 2020-2021. Through purposive sampling, 27 students (18 boys and 9 girls) exhibiting symptoms of violence were randomly assigned to the experimental (14 students) and control (13 students) groups. Over the course of one and a half months, the experimental group participated in ten sessions of psychological capital training, each lasting seventy-five minutes. Violence questionnaire (EVQ), empathy scale (BES), and meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ) were implemented. The mixed ANOVA method was employed to analyze the data from the investigation using SPSS-23 software. The results showed that psychological capital training has significant effect on the signs of violence (F=38.48; Eta=0.60; P<0001), empathy (F=30.91; Eta=0.55; P<0001), and life meaning (F=24.08; Eta=0.49; P<0001) of students who exhibit signs of violence. The present study’s results indicate that psychological capital training can be a highly effective approach to reducing the appearance of violence and enhancing the empathy and life meaning of students who are experiencing violence. This is achieved by incorporating concepts such as optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and mental resilience.

The present study was conducted to investigate efficacy of positivist parenting method training on disruptive, destructive, and self-control behaviors among female students in fifth-grade primary school. It was quasi-experimental study with control group design, pretest, posttest, and control group. Additionally, a two-month follow-up period was implemented. The statistical population of the research consisted of fifth-grade primary school female students with disruptive and destructive behavior and their parents in Tehran during the academic year 2021-22. Twenty-seven students exhibiting disruptive and detrimental behavior were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups,with 14 students in the experimental group and 13 in the control group, using the purposive sampling method. Over the course of two and a half months, the experimental group was subjected to ten ninety-minute sessions of positivist parenting method training. The applied questionnaires in this study included children’s disruptive behaviors (Pelham et.al., 1992) and Children's Self-Control Questionnaire (Kendal & Wilcox, 1979). The SPSS23 software was used to analyze the data from the study using mixed ANOVA. The results showed that the training in the positivist parenting method has a substantial impact on the self-control and disruptive and destructive behavior of female pupils in the fifth grade of primary school (p<0.001). It is possible to conclude that positivist parenting method training can be implemented as an appropriate approach to reduce disruptive and destructive behavior and enhance self-control in female students by implementing conventional parenting techniques and appropriate communication principles, as the results of the study indicate.